新概念二册-Lesson 16~20 笔记
Lesson 16 A polite request
生词短语用法 😶
| 生词/短语 | 解释 | 示例/备注 |
|---|---|---|
| park 作动词为停放汽车 | park your car in the wrong place | |
| reminder | 加了er不一定表示人，reminder表示：提示物 | |
| fail to obey it | 没能做到遵守它 |
key structure 🔑
if条件状语从句（真实条件句）：
状语是什么：状表示描述的意思，状语从句就是句子作状语表达描述性的信息
条件状语从句：一个句子表示补充说明条件，只要在句子前加上一个表示条件的词就可
if条件状语从句：
You will miss the train, if you don't hurry.
if后面是从句，对应的另外一半是主句
假设现在：
If he is out, I will call him tomorrow.
If he is working, I won’t disturb him.
1、可以使用【现在】的各种时态，一般现在，现在进行，现在完成
2、主句用使用一般将来时
假设过去：
If tall chimneys were built above sea level, the tunnel would be well-ventilated.
1、可以使用【过去】个各种时态
2、主句用过去将来时
假设将来：
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
1、真实条件句中，如果想要假设将来，必须换成一般现在时
2、主句使用一般将来时
3、实际生活中，if条件状语从句90%的场景都是用于假设将来
Lesson 17 Always young
生词短语用法 🦅
| 生词/短语 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| appear | v.出现 本文用于表示登场，扮演 |
| appearance | n.外貌 |
| in spite of 尽管… | 用法等同于 despite |
| stage fright | 怯场 |
key structure 🔑
情态动词：
表示情绪，态度的动词，一般不会单独用，后面要接动词原形，一个句子只能出现一个
情态动词没有人称变化，时态变化很少，要么现在，要么过去。
情态动词过去式除了表达过去，在现在时也可以用，表达具有更礼貌和委婉的情绪。
常用情态动词：
must
may - might
can - could
will - would
shall - should
must用法:
可用于表示推测，肯定，一定的意思，表示非常有把握的推测
She must be 35 years old.
He looks pale. He must be ill.
She must sit over there.
something is wrong –变推测-> something must be wrong
They must be waiting for you 推测正在进行
It must have rained last night 推测过去，用 must have done
She must have cried just now 推测过去例子+1
用于表示不可避免的义务，必须
I must do it now,
You must do it tomorrow.
have to同样表示必须，不得不的意思，但与must用法不同，需要注意人称和时态
I have to do it now. (现在)
She has to do it now. (第三人称)
You will have to do it tomorrow. (将来时)
They had to do it yesterday.(过去式)
Lesson 18 He often does this
生词短语用法 🌾
| 生词/短语 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| pub | n.小酒馆、小酒店 |
| a crime bill | 法案 |
key structure 🔑
have的用法：
实义动词：
表示“有”（own/possess）
I have a book / She has a book / He had a surprise
搭配上下文表示“吃喝玩乐做”
 have a meal / have a breakfast / have some water / have fun /
助动词：
帮助构成完成时态（现在、过去、将来），不表示实际动作
I have received the letter.
She has bought a gift.
He had left.
变否定疑问：
如果作实义动词，需要搭配助动词，do does did
I have a book -> I do not have a book / Do you have a book?
She has lunch -> She does not have lunch. / Does she have lunch?
He had a good time -> He did not have a good time. / Did he have a good time?
如果作助动词，本身无实意，可以直接变否定疑问
I have not received a letter. / Have you received a letter?
She has not bought a gift. / Has she bought a gift?
He had not left. / Had he left?
补充：
had had是have动词的过去完成时（had + done 所以是 had had），表示过去的之前有
I had had lunch at a village pub.
have/has had 是have的现在完成时，原理同上
We have had trouble with the plan.
短语动词 give：
He returned with my bag and gave it back to me (归还)
Give in your exercise books to me. (上交)
He can’t continue fighting. He will soon give in.(投降)
I gave away my collection of stamps to the little boy.(送出)
I have given up smoking.(放弃，这里是戒掉的意思)
Three of our officers gave them up to the enemy.(投降)
Lesson 19 Sold out
生词短语用法 🌍
| 生词/短语 | 解释 | 示例/备注 |
|---|---|---|
| hurry to + 地点 | 匆忙赶去某个地方 | |
| pity | n.遗憾，感叹句感叹名词用what | what a pity |
| might as well | == may as well ，是也可以吧的意思,比较无奈的语气 |
key structure 🔑
情态动词 may(might)：
might可以表示may的过去，或者表示现在但更委婉的语气
表示推测，”可能“，但与must的推测所表达的可能性是不同的
must是非常有把握的推测，may表示推测把握比must小，但用法相同
may do(推测现在) / may have done(推测过去)
“The play may begin at any moment,” I said.
“It may have begun already,” Susan answered.
表示请求允许，但注意，在疑问句中 may 只能接主语 I
May I do sth.?
表示允许，可以，可以搭配任何主语
I/You/They may …
May I come in?
You may come in and have something to drink.
情态动词 can(could)：
could可以表示can的过去，或者表示现在但更委婉的语气
表示能力，”能，能够“
Trust yourself! You can do it.
表示请求允许，”可以吗？“。以及允许，”可以“
与may不同，may在疑问句中只能接主语 I，而can则不限
Can I help you?
What can I do for you?
You can help me to find my size.
表示推测，用于否定句推测”不可能“
He is abroad. It can't be him. 他出国了，那人不可能是他
Lesson 20 One man in a boat
生词短语用法 🏭
| 生词/短语 | 解释 | 示例/备注 |
|---|---|---|
| waste | n.浪费、废物 垃圾 | It’s a waste of time/money |
| waste | v.浪费 | don’t waste your time |
| be interested in | … 对某些东西感兴趣 |
key structure 🔑
doing动名词：
动词 + ing 当成名词用
用法：
作主语：
动词不能用作主语，可以将动词变成动名词作主语
此外，动名词不一定只有一个 doing 作主语，也有可能是 doing sth. 这样的词组，甚至可以加上修饰补充
Fishing is my favorite sport.
Playing basketball is my favorite sport.
Playing basketball with my friends every Sunday is my favorite sport.
介词后作宾语：
由于介词后面不能接动词，只能接名词、代词、动名词，所以可以用介词作宾语
I often fish for hours without catching anything
Instead of catching fish
After having spent whole mornings on the river.
主动使用动名词的技巧：
条件：
1、先要学会写两个简单句
2、主语相同
利用介词改写句子，使两句话合成一句更简单的语句
He sat there. He did not say anything (without)
He sat there without saying anything.
He turned off the radio. He left the room (before)
He turned off the radio before leaving the room.
I have spent whole morning on the river. I always go home with an empty bag(after)
After having spent whole morning on the river I always go home with an empty bag.
这里用 having spent 其实比 doing 多了一层完成时的含义，强调"之前"
I must apologize. I interrupted you(for)
I must apologize for having interrupted you.
（To be continued…）