目录

新概念第一册-笔记-常用时态集合【站长推荐】

时态概述 ⌛

 两个关键的概念:时间,状态

 时间:过去、现在、将来

 状态:一般、进行、完成


(时态)现在进行时 ⏳

 即 此时此刻正在做

 用法:动词 + ing

  例:eatting playing sleeping singing

动词原形do变成现在分词doing的规则:

 1、一般可以直接+ing ;

 2、以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,例如take -> taking

 3、辅+元+辅结尾,双写辅音,+ing(除opening | sharping | listening)

现在进行时态的构成(必须严格遵守):

 主语 + is/am/are(助动词) + doing

  He is eating 、He is sleeping、They are singing

现在进行时的一般疑问句:

 只需要把助动词提到最前面就可以了

  Is he eating? Are they singing?

现在进行时的特殊疑问句:

 在一般疑问句前面再加上特殊疑问词就可以了

  What is she doing? What is he eating? What are they singing


(时态)过去进行时 🌗

 功能:

  表达过去的某一个时间点、时间段正在发生的动作,一般用于描述

 结构:

  主语 + was/were + doing

  She was doing her homework at 10:00 last night

  They were having a date from 7:00 - 9:00 yesterday

 疑问句:

  was/were提前

  She was doing her homework at 10:00 lastnight

  Was she doing her homework at 10:00 lastnight?

 否定句:

  was/were + not

  They were having a date from 7:00 - 9:00 yesterday

  They were not having a date from 7:00 - 9:00 yesterday


(时态) 一般将来时 🌕

时间:将来

状态:一般

什么时候用?

 用于预先计划和打算要做的事

固定结构:

 主 + is/am/are + going to

注意事项:

 主 + is/am/are + going to + 动词原型(动词本身,不需要加ing或其他修饰)

 主 + is/am/are + going to + 地点名词

口语:

 going to = gonna,但gonna只会出现在口语当中,不会出现在书面上

一般将来时的另外一种结构:

 is/am/are + going to + be + 非动词

 例如:I’m gonna be happy this year

疑问句:

 把 is/am/are 提到最前面

 Is he going to swim this weekend?

否定句:

 is/am/are + not

 He is not going to swin this weekend

第二种表达方式:

有实义动词的情况就直接加动词原形:

 主语 + will(助动词) + 动词原形

  He will come on time

  The woman will talk for hours about nothing

  He will show his true colors someday

没有实义动词的情况就加be再加非动词:

 主语 + will be + 非动词

  The speaker will be our old friend,john. –演讲者将会是我们的老朋友,约翰

  Her sublimate future hunsband will be tall,dark,and handsome –她理想中的丈夫将会是高大黝黑相貌英俊

疑问句:will提前

 Will he come on time ? —他会准时到吗

 Will the woman talk for hours about noting?

否定句:will + not

 The speaker will not be our old friend,john.

 Her sublimate future hunsband will not be tall,dark,and handsome

更多的表达方式:

 表示即将:be about to

  He is about to finish his study.

  We are about to leave.

 表示已经安排好的事:be to do

  We are to meet at the zoo.

  The football match is to play at 8:00 today.


(时态) 一般现在时 ⏰

1、什么时候用?

 A. 经常的状态;(我很忙,他很闲,她很美,他很帅,北京天气不错)–找到状态

 B. 习惯的动作;(我习惯每天七点起床,他每天都七点下班)–找到动作

 C.真理; (冬天昼短夜长,太阳每天都从东边升起)–客观事实

2、结构?

 A. 经常的状态; 主语+ is/am/are + 非动词

 B. 习惯的动作; 主语 + v.(动词)

 C.真理; 主语+ is/am/are, 主语 + v.(动词)

  The earth is round – 属于第一种,主系表结构

  The sun rises in the east. – 属于第二种,主语+实义动词

3、动词?

 主语 + v.(动词)

 主语为非三单, + 动词原形

 主语为三单, + 动词s/es

什么是三单和非三单

 非三单:第一,第二人称复数,第三人称复数

  例:I,We,you,they

 三单:第三人称单数

  例:she,he,it

例句:

 He loves his girlfriend very much –第三人称单数 He

 Jim and Lily walk to school every day –第三人称复数 Jim and Lily

 They drink beer every night –第三人称复数 They

 My dog watches TV every night –第三人称单数 My dog

 The student goes to school on foot –第三人称单数 The student

 Sam and I eat toghter –非三单 Sam and I

4、疑问句

 Do + 非三单

 Does + 三单(然后将动词变成动词原形)

 They drink beer every night.

 Do they drink beer every night?

 He loves his girlfriend very much

 Does he love his girlfriend very much?

5、否定句

 非三单 + don’t

 三单 + doesn’t(然后将动词变成动词原形)

 They drink beer every night.

 They don’t drink beer every night.

 He loves his girlfriend very much

 He doesn’t love his girlfriend very much


一般现在时 vs 现在进行时 🆚

1、功能不同:

 A.一般现在:

  习惯的状态,经常的动作,真理;

 B.现在进行:

  此时此刻正在做、一段时间内正在做

2、结构不同:

 A.一般现在:

  主语 + is/am/are + 非动词,表示状态

  主语 + v.,表示动作

 B.现在进行:

  主语 + is/am/are + doing

3、时间状语不同:

 A.一般现在:

  every…always,usually

 B.现在进行:

  now,at the moment


(时态) 一般过去时 💰

一般可用于记叙某件事

1、什么时候用?

 A.过去经常的状态:

  主语 + was/were

 B.过去的动作:

  主语 + 动词(did)

2、用法

 A.主语 + was/were + 状态(即非实义动词,表示没有发生任何动作)

   is、am变成过去时:用was

    She is beautiful -> She was beautiful

   are变成过去式:用were

   They are young -> They were young

   You are at home -> You were at home

 B.主语 + 动词过去式

  1、一般情况 + ed,call - called; air - aired

  2、以字母e结尾 + d,live - lived; love - loved

  3、以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i + ed,try - tried; study - studied

  4、辅 + 元 + 辅,将辅音字母双写+ed,stop - stopped

  例外:

   go to 的过去式是 went to : I went to HollyWood nine years ago

   make的过去式是made:I made a snow man last winter

3、疑问句

 过去式一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+……

 一般疑问句

  A.将was/were提到最前面就可以了

  B.Did提到最前面

 特殊疑问句

  将特殊疑问词提到be前面

一般过去时中,不用区分人称,所有人称都用did

4、否定句

 A.was/were + not

 B.Didn’t + 动词


(时态)现在完成时 🌄

现在完成时可以指截至到现在已经做完的事情

现在完成时跟一般过去时的区分:

 相对具体地告诉过去哪个时间点做的,是一般过去时

 I had one after my lunch

 只告诉现在已经完成的,是现在完成时

 I have just had a cup

1、结构

 主语 + has/have + done

  在这里,have/has不是作为实义动词出现的,只是一个助动词,没有实际意思

  done在这里是实义动词,最重要

2、规则(和一般过去时一摸一样)

 A、一般情况加ed,call-called; air-aired;

 B、以字母e结尾 + d,live - lived; love - loved

 C、以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i + ed,try - tried; study - studied

 D、辅 + 元 + 辅,将辅音字母双写+ed,stop - stopped

 一些比较特殊的例句:

  I hava had breakfast

  He has had his vacation

  She has had a haircut

 请注意:如果不符合规则,则需要跟一般过去时区分,单独记忆

3、疑问句

 have/has提前

  你已经给房间通过风了吗?

  Have you aired the room?

  他已经看完这部电影了吗?

  Has he watched the movie?

  我们到北京了吗?

  Have we arrived in Beijing?

  这里要注意,虽然把助动词have提前了,但是助动词应该保持过去分词的形态

4、否定句

 hava/has + not

  你没有给房间通过风

  You haven’t aired the room

  你没有看完这部电影

  You haven’t watched the movie

already在现在完成时的用法:

 位置:通常在done前面

 例:He has already had a bath 他已经洗完澡了

  I have already had my lesson 我已经上完课了

  Have you already done your homework 你做完你的作业了吗?

  Has he already had a swim 他已经游完泳了吗

 

85课补充,关于been:

 Have you just been to the cinema?

1、been的概述:

 been就是【be】在现在完成时这个时态里面的表现形式

2、用法:

 他已经在那儿了

 He has been there

 上面的例句中,been其实就是从is变化而来

3、两个重要的短语(需要硬背记下来)

 been to :去过(已经回来了)

 gone to :去了(还没回来)

 例句:

  -Where is john

  -He has gone to England

  -Have you ever been to Japan?

  -Yes, I’ve been to Japan twice

  I heard The great wall is very exciting place

  But I have never been there

 

现在完成时的第二个结构

 主语 + have/has + been + 非动词

 例句:

  他一直以来都是个好学生

   He has always been a good student

  我一直都很忙

   I‘ve always been busy


(时态)现在完成时–用法2 🌅

表持续(未完成)

 I hava finished book 1 –这句话是指到现在为止已经完成,属于用法1

 She has lived in Beijing for ten years –这句话的意思则表示持续:未完成,但到目前为止,她确实是住在这里的,也就是说这是一件已经完成的事

现在完成时用法一的图示:

https://wumanhoblogimg.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/images/have01.png

现在完成时用法二的图示:

https://wumanhoblogimg.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/images/have02.png

现在完成时两个用法的时间状语上的区别:

 1、完成

  just,already,before,never,ever,yet

 2、持续

  since,for

 例句:自从2010年他就住在这里了(在2010到现在这段时间他一直住在这里,但是有可能会继续住下去,所以应该用“持续”来表达):

  He has lived here since 2010.

  可以注意到,表示持续的结构跟现在完成时是保持一样的,不过时间状语不太一样。

 例句2:她学英语已经长达十年之久了(跟上面一样)

  She has studied English for ten years.

 例句3:他们在一起已经两年了

  They have been together for two years.


https://wumanhoblogimg.obs.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/images/v.png


现在完成时 vs 一般过去式 🆚

1、结构

 现在完成:

  主语 + have/has + done (动词过去分词)

 一般过去:

  主语 + was/were/did (did代表动词过去式)

2、用法

 现在完成:

  过去发生,影响现在

 一般过去:

  过去发生,与现在无关

3、时间状语

 现在完成(时间状语比较模糊):

  just,already,before,never,ever,yet

 一般过去(时间状语非常具体):

  yesterday,last,ago,just now

4、语用功能

 现在完成:

  可以用于引起话题

 一般过去:

  可以用于具体谈论某件事

 例句:

  Have you ever had a girlfriend ?

  Yes.

  When did you have your girlfriend ? (where did you meet her、how did you fell in love with her)

 一般过去:

  我去年去了英国

  I went to Britain last year

  我已经去过英国啦

  I have been to Britain


(时态)过去完成时 👌

功能:过去某一刻之前完成的动作、状态

结构:主语 + had(作助动词,不翻译,不区分人称) + done(过去分词)

 She had done her homework before 10:00 last night

 The rain had already stopped before 8:00 this morning

 He had left by the time I arrived.

时间状语:

 by the end of …(截止到…)

 by the end of last year\ last week \ last month (截止到…)

 by the time sb. + 动词过去式(截止到这个动作发生后)

 The bus had already left by the time I got there.

疑问句:

 had提前

 He had left by the time I arrived

 Had he left by the time I arrived?

否定句:

 had + not

 He had left by the time I arrived

 He had not left by the time I arrived